China Popular Itineraries |
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| Remains of this culture were first discovered in Longshan Town, Zhangqiu County, Shandong Province in 1928, hence the name of Longshan Culture. Longshan Culture was initially known as Black Pottery Culture, for bright and pitch-black pottery and eggshell black pottery often unearthed in the excavated ruins. The culture spread widely in the middle and lower reach-es of the Yellow River. Among the production tools used by the ancestors of Longshan Culture, there were such highly developed polished stoneware as stone sickles and clam stones. Pottery such as gray pottery, black pottery, and a small number of red pottery and white pottery had begun to be made by wheels. Apart from flat-bottomed utensils, there were round-bottomed and three-footed utensils of various designs and patterns. In addition, there also appeared animal bones used to practise divination. The economic activities were mainly based on agriculture, while stockbreeding had already progressed into a mature stage. Although Longshan Culture has various sources and sys-tems, it is usually divided into 5 categories. First, Longshan Culture of Shan-dong Province, mainly scattered in Shandong Province, lasted from about 2,500 B.C. to 2,000 B.C. Secondly, second-phase Culture of Miaodigou, spreading mainly in the west of Henan Province, prospered from 2,900 B. C. to 2,800 B.C. Thirdly, Longshan Culture of Henan Province, mainly in the west, north and east of Henan Province, existed from 2,600 B.C. to 2,000 B.C. Fourthly, Longshan Culture of Shaanxi Province, mainly in the valley of the Jinghe and Weihe rivers in Shaanxi Province, existed from 2,300 I3. C. to 2,000 B.C. Fifthly, Longshan Culture of the Pottery kind, mainly scat-tered in the southwest of Shanxi Province, lasted from 2,500 B.C. to 1,900 B.C. Longshan Cultures of these five categories were all in the period of the patrilineal society. |
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