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| The virnacular dwellings in the village are harmonious with the mother earth. | Heaven which controls rainy and fine seasons, bitter cold and hot. as well as wind, forest, rain and snow is the life of the vernacular dwelling; earth which comprises mountains and river. rising and falling of vast territory, timbers and stones is the root of folk house, while the foundation of the construction of vernacular dwelling is people who labor. live and multiply on this land.
The styles of the vernacular dwelling of the snow land were closely related to the geographic environment, weather conditions, communal settlement, way of life, available building materials and mastery of construction technology, which originated from seeking for comfortable living and a common view of the natural environment. With the common view of the shelter for their survival, standing between the Heaven and the Earth while being mingled with them, the Tibetan dwelling had became the material and spiritual homeland coexisted with natural environment.
The styles of the Tibetan dwelling were closely relevant to the natural environment. In terms of dwelling's shape, the roofing shape reflected varying amount of the rains; the walling thickness reflected the variation of temperature: the openness or closeness of the distribution told people the conditions of sunshine or wind blowing while the stocky and graceful styles reflected the characteristics of geographic environment. Being situated on the land of snow the fire pit inside the principal room was the living center, which reflected that Tibetans were seeking for more comfortable life. The main ways of production on the land of snow were nomadic roving, agricultural tilling and hunting with close relationship to the natural resources, which has a great impact on the structure of the Tibetan dwelling reflecting the harmonious relation between human beings and nature.
The use and obtain of building materials in Tibet were in line with the principle of convenience and least economic cost. The building materials of the Tibetan dwelling could be easily taken from the natural environment. The Tibetan dwellings were characterized by obtaining raw materials locally. With the corresponding technical processing, the Tibetan dwellings were built from the indigenous building materials while they look like something grown out of the natural environment. In terms of the color modeling the Tibetan dwellings used the color combinations of the natural color of natural materials including yellow of the earth, green of the stone, dark blown of timbers, which reflected the harmonious relationship between the Tibetan dwellings and natural environment.
The Tibetan dwellings built with natural materials and colors are like the products of nature. In terms of measurement, texture and color the environmental individuality of the Tibetan dwelling was full exploited to the extremity. The majority parts of the land of snow are areas lull of rising and falling mountains belonging to dry and semi-dry territory and arid climate of abundant sunshine and big temperature gap between day and night but not abundant in forest resources.
The stone watchtowers with plane roofs and rammed clay buildings were distributed over the above areas. The thick and heat-preservation walls were constructed with earth and stones in multiple ways. The essential tone of the Tibetan dwelling was the natural color of the earth and stone walls and white of wall coat. In the radiant and enchanting sunlight and under the stainless blue sky stood still the stocky stone watchtower and rammed clay building amid the mountains, which had integrated with the natural environment.
The forest region along the Yarlung Zangbo River of southeast Tibet are characterized by deep gorges covered with dense forest and hot and damp climate. Among the green trees and bamboos stood the wood or bamboo houses with pitched roofs. On the slope land against the mountains and facing the sun stood the light and graceful wood houses, whose opening and empty shape could blow away the sultry and damp air with the aid of strong valley wind while the broad roofs of dwelling could protect the wall from erosion by rain. The ganlan and log houses in the forest areas could live together with natural environment relying upon the rich natural building material and waterproofed material like leaves of Chinese banana trees. The bamboo sea spreading all over the mountains and valleys in Luoyu area produces more than bamboo. The high-yield bamboo output has provided the Lhobas abundant building materials for the construction of their dwellings. In the forest areas of Southeast Tibet light and graceful wood and bamboo houses rising against sky standing amid the green forest and graceful bamboo sea formed a beautiful dwelling environment. |