When the emperors Wen and Jing in the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-8AD) came into power, they went on with more moderate and humane policies carried by Emperor Gaozu. Historical records show that during their reigns the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD) prospered. Untroubled by wars or natural disasters, people lived in peace. This resulted in an increase in population and the development of manufacturing industries and commerce.
The emperor Wen attached much importance to agriculture and economy. He encouraged agricultural output by further reducing taxes and asked people to grow mulberry and raise silkworms. Meanwhile, Wen introduced the reform of punishment and abolished many cruel penalties. In the 23 years of his reign, there was no reconstruction of the palace and his carriages remained the same. According to the historical records, the food supply was so ample that much got perished in the barns.
Another important factor that contributed to the prosperity of Han was that Wen & Jing endeavored to maintain a friendly relationship with Han and neighboring countries.
Prosperity of Zhenguan
The Tang Dynasty (618-907) witnessed the first period of florescence in the reign (627-649) of Emperor Taizong, which was called the Prosperity of Zhenguan, an era of peace and prosperity.
During his 23 years of reign, Taizong did more for the empire than any emperor before him. Through firm leadership and a positive example, the new emperor set about reforming agriculture, manufacturing and commerce. In his words: the waters can both float and capsize a vessel. This view led to humane policies, a strong economy and the commercial enterprise, which became second to none throughout the known world.
Political progress was achieved by the overhaul of the examination system first introduced by the Sui Dynasty (581-618) for the appointment of officials. This system ensured only the best men regardless of their class or background could be appointed to vital posts within the government of the country. Political corruption was virtually unknown as a result of these sound administrative structures. He adopted favorable policies for agriculture to reduced taxes and reward farming.
Taizong endeavored to promote exchanges between nations. Princess Wencheng left Chang'an (present-day Xi'an in Shaanxi Province) to marry Songtsan Gambo, king of the Tubo kingdom, which was located about 3,000 kilometers to the west. This pioneered amicable relations between the Tang and the Tubo and contributed to the development of China as a multinational country. |
